How do you calculate total resistance in a series circuit?

To calculate the total resistance in a series circuit, you sum all the individual resistances. This is based on the principle that in a series circuit, the total resistance is simply the sum of the resistances encountered by the current flowing through the circuit. Each resistor added in series contributes more resistance to the overall circuit, which causes the current to decrease.

The formula for total resistance in a series circuit is given by R_total = R1 + R2 + R3 + ..., where R1, R2, and R3 are the resistances of the individual resistors. This approach reflects the cumulative effect of each resistor on the circuit's ability to allow current to flow.

Other methods or concepts related to resistance, such as multiplying resistances together or averaging them, do not apply to series circuits. Multiplying resistances is relevant in parallel circuits, where the overall resistance decreases as more pathways are added for current. Similarly, averaging resistances or subtracting the smallest from the largest does not accurately represent how resistances combine in a series configuration.