What does closer spacing of electrodes typically target?

Closer spacing of electrodes typically targets superficial tissues. This is because when electrodes are placed closer together, the electrical current has a more concentrated and localized effect. It penetrates less deeply into the body, making it more effective for stimulating tissues that are situated just beneath the skin's surface, such as muscle or nerve endings in the epidermal and dermal layers. This targeting is particularly useful for conditions requiring surface stimulation, such as trigger points or for promoting circulation in the skin.

In contrast, wider spacing between electrodes allows for the current to spread over a larger area and penetrate more deeply, which is beneficial for reaching deeper structures like muscles and potentially even bone in some therapeutic applications.