What is the difference between monophasic and biphasic waveforms?

The distinction between monophasic and biphasic waveforms primarily lies in the direction of current flow. Monophasic currents are characterized by their flow in one direction only. This means that the electrical current maintains a singular polarity throughout its cycle, making it straightforward and consistent in action.

On the other hand, biphasic currents alternate direction, meaning they fluctuate between positive and negative polarities. This cyclical change allows biphasic currents to be more versatile in their applications, as they can produce different physiological effects on tissues due to their ability to stimulate both anions and cations.

This fundamental difference in current directionality explains the broader implications for their usage in therapeutic applications. Monophasic waveforms are often used in modalities that focus on muscle contraction or pain management, while biphasic waveforms tend to be employed for a broader range of therapeutic applications, including stimulation and muscle strengthening.