What is the primary difference between conductors and insulators?

The primary difference between conductors and insulators lies in their ability to allow or prevent the flow of electricity. Conductors are materials that permit electric charges to flow through them easily due to the presence of free electrons that can move under an electric field. This characteristic enables conductors, like copper and aluminum, to efficiently transmit electricity, making them essential in wiring and electrical infrastructure.

On the other hand, insulators are materials that resist the flow of electric current. They have tightly bound electrons that do not move freely, which prevents the passage of electrical current. Common insulating materials include rubber, glass, and plastic, which are often used to encase or protect electrical wiring and components.

This fundamental distinction between the ability of conductors to facilitate electrical flow and insulators to block it is crucial in understanding electrical circuits and safety measures in electrical work.