Which type of electrical stimulation is often used for pain management?

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is specifically designed for pain management by delivering low-voltage electrical currents through electrodes placed on the skin. The mechanism of TENS involves stimulating sensory nerves, which can help to alleviate pain through several pathways. One way TENS reduces pain is by promoting the release of endorphins, which are natural painkillers produced by the body. Additionally, TENS can modulate pain signaling pathways, thereby interfering with the transmission of pain signals to the brain.

In a clinical context, TENS is widely recognized and utilized for its effectiveness in treating various types of pain, including chronic pain conditions and acute pain from injuries. Its non-invasive nature and ability to provide immediate relief make it a popular choice among healthcare professionals and patients alike.

Other forms of electrical stimulation, such as functional electrical stimulation, iontophoresis, and galvanic stimulation, serve different therapeutic goals and may not primarily focus on pain management. Functional electrical stimulation is often used to improve motor function or rehabilitation, iontophoresis is typically aimed at delivering medication through the skin, and galvanic stimulation may assist with muscle re-education or tissue healing rather than directly addressing pain relief.